Indasitiri yemhangura, seyakanyanya kukwidza indasitiri yewaya netambo indasitiri, yakagarawo ne "matambudziko emukati nematambudziko ekunze" mumakore achangopfuura.Kune rumwe rutivi, makwikwi evezera ari kuramba achiwedzera, uye kune rumwe rutivi, anotyisidzirwawo nevatsivi.
Sezvatinoziva tese, mhangura ndiyo yakakosha hurongwa hwekuchengetera zviwanikwa zvenyika, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwazvino hwekushandisa kwemhangura zviwanikwa, migodhi yemhangura yemhangura yeChina inogona kungosangana nekushandiswa kwenyika kwemakore mashanu.Parizvino, indasitiri yematambo epamba inoshandisa matani anopfuura mamirioni mashanu emhangura, inopfuura 60%.Kuti ikwane kudiwa kunoenderera mberi, nyika ikozvino inoda kushandisa mari yekunze yakawanda gore rega rega kuunza mhangura, inoverengera 3/5 yemhangura inoshandiswa.
Mune yakaderera kudiwa chimiro cheiyo isiri-ferrous indasitiri, magetsi, real estate, zvekufambisa (kunyanya mota), michina nemagetsi emagetsi ndiwo makuru zvikamu.Pakati pesimbi dzakakamurwa, inenge 30% yealuminium inoshandiswa mukuvaka zvivakwa, uye inenge 23% inoshandiswa mukutakura (asi kunyanya motokari);Inenge 45% yemhangura inoshandiswa mumagetsi uye tambo dzetambo;Inenge 6% yemutobvu inoshandiswa mukugadzira tambo;Zinc inoshandiswawo mudzimba, Mabhiriji, mapaipi, uye migwagwa mikuru uye njanji.
Chechipiri, mumakore achangopfuura, kubva pakuona kweindasitiri yewaya netambo, nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wemhangura, yakasanganiswa nealuminium zviwanikwa zvakawanda kupfuura zviwanikwa zvemhangura - zviwanikwa zveChina zveBauxite zviri pakati nepakati, nenzvimbo 310 dzekugadzira, akagoverwa mumatunhu gumi nemapfumbamwe (matunhu).Yese yakachengeterwa ore matani e2.27 bhiriyoni, iri pachinzvimbo chechinomwe pasirese - saka, indasitiri yemhangura yakavewo nemhedzisiro.
Domestic copper industry kukwikwidza kuongorora
Iwo makuru anogona kupinda muindasitiri yekunyungudutsa mhangura imari yakazvimiririra uye mari yekunze, asi mari yakazvimiririra kazhinji inoteedzera mabhenefiti enguva pfupi, uye kunyungudutswa kwemhangura kunoda kukwirisa kwekutanga kudyara uye zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, pamwe chete nemitemo yakasimba yenyika pamamiriro ekuwana maindasitiri, chikumbaridzo. inosimudzwa, kurambidzwa kwepasi-pamwero wakadzokororwa kuvaka uye nguva yakareba yekuvaka uye zvimwe zvirambidzo, mari yega yega haigone kupinda muindasitiri yekunyungudutsa mhangura pamwero mukuru.Mhangura inyanzvi yenyika, inokosha zvikuru kune kuchengetedzwa kwenyika, nyika ine zvirambidzo zvakasimba pakupinda kwemari yekunze, mari yekunze inonyanya kuiswa muindasitiri yekugadzira mhangura.Nokudaro, pane zvose, avo vanogona kupinda kumakambani makuru emhangura ezvino haasi kutyisidzira.
Parizvino, China yekunyungudutsa mhangura uye kugadzirisa indasitiri parizvino yakatarisana nenhamba huru yemabhizinesi uye diki, muna 2012, mabhizinesi makuru muindasitiri akaverengera 5.48%, mabhizinesi epakati akaverengera 13.87%, mabhizinesi madiki akaverengera 80,65%.Iyo yese R&D simba rebhizinesi harina kukwana, mukana wemutengo wakaderera uri kupera zvishoma nezvishoma, mabhizinesi ekunyungudutsa mhangura muindasitiri yekugadzira mhangura pamwero wakakura, dhigirii repamusoro rekushambadzira kwemabhizinesi uye kugona kwekugadzira kwezvinhu zvakaderera. uye nhevedzano yemamiriro ebudiriro.Mukuvandudzwa kwenguva refu kweindasitiri yekugadzira mhangura yeChina, mapoka makuru emabhizinesi akaita seJinlong, Jintian neHailiang akaumbwa, uye akati wandei emakambani akanyorwa akadai seJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous Metal neJingcheng Copper abudawo.Mapoka makuru emabhizinesi akabudirira kuona kubatanidzwa uye kurongekazve kwemabhizinesi madiki uye epakati, uye mabhizinesi ekunyungudutsa edzimba akapinda mumabhizinesi ekugadzira mhangura pamwero mukuru.
Kutyisidzira kwakawanda kuindasitiri yemhangura
Kusimukira kweindasitiri yemhangura kunotarisanawo nedzimwe njodzi.Nekuda kwekukurumidza kukura kwekudiwa kwemhangura uye kushaikwa kwemhangura zviwanikwa, mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemhangura wave uri padanho repamusoro uye uchichinja kwenguva yakareba, uye mutengo weiyo indasitiri yemhangura yakaramba yakakwirira, zvekuti indasitiri yepasi ine kurudziro yekutsvaga dzimwe nzira.Kamwe kutsiva kwezvigadzirwa zvemhangura kunoumbwa, kazhinji kacho kune kusagadziriswa.Zvakadai sekutsiva optical fiber yemhangura waya muindasitiri yezvekufambiswa kwemashoko, kutsiva aruminiyamu nemhangura muindasitiri yemagetsi, uye kutsiva zvishoma kwealuminium nemhangura mumunda wefiriji.Sezvo zvimwe zvekushandisa zvichiramba zvichibuda, musika unoderedza kudiwa kwevatengi kwemhangura.Kunyange zvazvo munguva pfupi, dzimwe nzira hadzizoshanduri kushayikwa kwemhangura yemhangura, uye kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhangura zvicharamba zvichiwedzera, asi munguva refu, iyo yose inodiwa yemhangura yemhangura inotyisa.Semuenzaniso, mumhangura yekushandiswa kwemhangura, kukurudzirwa kwe "aluminium mhangura" uye "aluminium copper substitute" teknolojia, uye kukurudzirwa kwemuenzaniso we "chiedza mumhangura yemhangura" ichava nemigumisiro yakawanda pakudiwa kwemhangura.
Muchokwadi, nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wemhangura, purofiti yeindasitiri yetambo inoramba ichinyanya kuwanda, indasitiri yematambo epamba "mhangura nealuminium", "aluminium panzvimbo yemhangura" yave yakanyanya kukwirira.Uye mamwe makambani etambo anotora nyika dzekuMadokero semuenzaniso - iyo United States Electrical Installation Code 2008 (NEC) Chinyorwa 310 "General waya zvinodiwa" chinotsanangura kuti conductor zvinhu zveconductor imhangura, copper-clad aluminium kana aluminium (alloy) waya.Panguva imwecheteyo, chitsauko chinotsanangudza hushoma saizi yemhangura yakashongedzwa aluminium nemhangura, aluminium (alloy) waya, chimiro chewaya, mamiriro ekushandisa uye kutakura kutakura mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana - zvichiratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvealuminium cable hazvingogone kugadzikana. kuita, asiwo kuisirwa, kutakurwa uye zvimwe zvinodhura zvakaderera, izvo zvine chimwe chinokanganisa paindasitiri yemhangura.
Kunyangwe, pari zvino, indasitiri yematambo epamba haina kukwanisa kufambirana nezvinodiwa pamusika kana kufarirwa zvakanyanya nevashandisi ve "aluminium pachinzvimbo chemhangura" zvigadzirwa zvetambo, asi chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti kune rumwe rutivi chigadzirwa chehunyanzvi tsvakiridzo uye. budiriro haisati yakura, imwe yacho ndeyekuti vashandisi vemba yetambo vachiri mudanho rekumirira-uye-kuona.Nekuenderera mberi kwekukura kwe "aluminium-inotsiva mhangura" tekinoroji uye nekuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa kwezvigadzirwa, zvichave nemhedzisiro yakakura paindasitiri yemhangura.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo nyika yakagadzira zvakare akawanda mwero kusimudzira kusimudzira kweindasitiri yealuminium.Semuyenzaniso, China copper-clad aruminiyamu tambo kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21 yakatanga kusimukira, pari zvino China yakagadzira copper-clad aluminum wire industry standards uye copper-clad aluminum cable yenzvimbo zviyero zvave zvakawanda.Semuyenzaniso, indasitiri yemagetsi yekuChina yakajairwa SJ/T 11223-2000 "Copper clad aluminium wire" yakajairwa kusaenzana kushandiswa kweASTM B566-1993 "copper clad aluminium wire" standard, iyo inotsanangudza zvimiro zvekushanda zvinodiwa zvecopper clad aluminium conductors for. midziyo yemagetsi newaya netambo.Mukuwedzera, Liaoning Province yakabudisa chiyero chemunharaunda kare 2008: DB21 / T 1622-2008 J11218-2008 "Copper clad aluminium wire uye cable technical specifications" (yakanyorwa neDesign and Research Institute yeNortheastern University).Pakupedzisira, muna 2009, Xinjiang Autonomous Region yakabudisa mitemo yemunharaunda: DB65/T 3032-2009 "Rated voltage 450/750V Copper-clad aluminium composite core PVC insulated cable" uye DB65/T 3033-2009 "Rated voltage 0.6/1 mhangura pazasi -clad aluminium composite core extruded insulated power cable".
Muchidimbu, iyo indasitiri yetambo yakakura kwazvo inopa zvinhu zvakasvibirira - indasitiri yemhangura inoramba ichigamuchira zvinonetsa kubva mukati nekunze.Kune rimwe divi, kushaikwa kwemidziyo yemhangura yemumba, kune rumwe rutivi, iyo indasitiri yetambo "aluminium kuchengetedza mhangura" tekinoroji inogara ichimhanyisa tsvakiridzo nekusimudzira, saka, iyo indasitiri yekugadzira mhangura ichaenda kupi mune ramangwana, asi zvakare inoda pamwe chete edzai misika yekumusoro neyezasi.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-28-2024